8-Khoom Mixed-Siv Steel Framed Lub Tsev Hauv Manila Philippines
Qhov project no yog 8-zaj dab neeg multifunctional lub tsev nyob hauv Manila, Philippines, nrog rau tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm 20m × 20m. Qhov siab ntawm txhua lub tsev yog tsim raws li hauv qab no: pem teb 1 (chaw nres tsheb) ntxiv rau mezzanine tag nrho 6m; pem teb 2 (warehouse) yog 6m; lub 3rd thiab 4th pem teb (chaw ua hauj lwm cheeb tsam) yog 4.5m thiab 3.4m raws li; lub 5th mus rau 7th pem teb (qhov chaw nyob) yog txhua 3.4m; pem teb 8 (ru tsev pej xeem chaw) ntxiv rau lub ru tsev qhov siab yog 2.8m. Rau qhov chaw optimization, tsuas yog 3 kab ntawm cov kab ke ntawm cov txheej txheem: Axis A muaj 4 kab tag nrho, qhov sib nrug ntawm Axis A thiab Axis B yog 13.2m, thiab qhov sib nrug ntawm Axis B thiab Axis C yog 6.8m. Qhov sib nrug ntawm 4 kab ntawm Axis A yog 5.9m (1-2 axis), 8.2m (2-3 axis), thiab 5.9m (3-4 axis) feem.
Khoom Taw qhia
SRUCTURAL analySIS REPORT
8-Khoom Mixed-Siv Steel Framed Lub Tsev Hauv Manila, Philippines
Qhov chaw qhov project:Manila (NCR), Philippines
Kev tshuaj xyuas kev siv:Tonga, New Caledonia (Fabkis), Papua New Guinea, Chile, Peru
Tsim code:NSCP 2015 (Philippines)
1. Architectural & Structure Configuration
|
Parameter |
Kev piav qhia |
|
Npaj qhov ntev |
20.0 m × 20.0 m |
|
Tag nrho qhov siab |
36.9 m (los ntawm av pem teb mus rau ru tsev qhov chaw pej xeem) |
|
Kab kab sib chaws |
3 longitudinal axes (A, B, C) |
|
A-B dav |
13.2 m (qhov siab) |
|
B-C ncua |
6.8 m |
|
Qhov sib txawv (1-2 / 3-4) |
5.9 m |
|
Qhov sib txawv (2-3) |
8.2m (hauv sab hauv) |
|
Tag nrho cov kab |
12 (4 rau axis) |
1.1 Storey Heights & Nyob
|
Pem teb |
Nyob |
Qhov siab (m) |
Qhov siab (m) |
|
1F |
Chaw nres tsheb + Mezzanine |
6.0 |
6.0 |
|
2F |
Lub tsev khaws khoom |
6.0 |
12.0 |
|
3F |
Chaw ua haujlwm |
4.5 |
16.5 |
|
4F |
Chaw ua haujlwm |
3.4 |
19.9 |
|
5F |
Chaw nyob |
3.4 |
23.3 |
|
6F |
Chaw nyob |
3.4 |
26.7 |
|
7F |
Chaw nyob |
3.4 |
30.1 |
|
8F |
Puab qhov chaw |
2.8 |
32.9 |
|
Tag nrho lub tsev qhov siab (siab tshaj GL) |
~36.9 |
||
2. Design Loads per NSCP 2015
2.1 Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus Loads
|
Nyob |
Superimposed Tuag (SDL, kPa) |
Nyob Load (LL, kPa) |
|
Chaw nres tsheb (1F) |
1.5 |
5.0 |
|
Warehouse (2F) |
1.0 |
6.0 |
|
Chaw Ua Haujlwm (3F–4F) |
1.5 |
3.0 |
|
Chaw nyob (5F–7F) |
1.5 |
2.0 |
|
Puab qhov chaw (8F) |
2.0 |
4.8 (Public Assembly) |
Pem teb qhov system: 130 mm composite slab ntawm steel lawj (tus kheej- nyhav ~ 2.8–3.2 kPa suav nrog framing).
2.2 Cua Load (NSCP 2015 § 207)
Basic Cua Ceev:250 kph (69 m/s, 3-second gust) – Manila, NCR
Kev nthuav tawm qeb:B (lub nroog)
Pawg neeg nyob:III (siv -siv, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj Iw = 1.15)
Tsim siab @ ru tsev:~ 3.5-4.2 kPa (vim nrog thaj tsam & cladding)
Kev tswj cua qhov taw qhia:20 m lub ntsej muag; overturning lub sij hawm contributes tseem ceeb rau kem axial xav tau.
2.3 Seismic Load (NSCP 2015 § 208)
|
Parameter |
Tus nqi |
Lus hais |
|
Seismic Zone |
Thaj Chaw 4 (Metro Manila) |
Siab seismicity |
|
Mapped Ss |
~1.10g |
Luv -lub sij hawm spectral acceleration |
|
Mapped S1 |
~0.64g |
1-thib ob spectral acceleration |
|
Site Class |
D (xav tias) |
Cov av tawv; conservatively saws |
|
SDS |
0.85g |
Tsim luv - lub sij hawm spectral accel. |
|
SD1 |
0.64g |
Tsim 1-s spectral acceleration |
|
Seismic Design Qeb |
D |
|
|
Teb Modification Factor (R) |
8.0 |
Tshwj xeeb Steel Moment Ncej (SMF) |
|
Qhov tseem ceeb (Ie) |
1.0 |
Standard nyob |
Kwv yees seismic base shear coefficient Cs≈ 0.106 (W). Base shear ≈ 0.106 × tag nrho seismic hnyav.
2.4 Load Combinations (NSCP 2015 §203 – Strength Design)
|
Kev sib xyaw ua ke |
Formula |
Tsoom Fwv Limit State |
|
LC 1 |
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5Lr |
Gravity (beams, composite slab) |
|
LC2 ua |
1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L |
Seismic (kem, ncej drift) |
|
LC2 ib |
0.9D + 1.0E |
Seismic overturning/net uplift |
|
LC 3 |
1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5L |
Cua overturning lateral check |
|
LC4 |
1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5L + 0.5Lr |
Cua (cladding & drift) |
3. Cov Txheej Txheem & Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
3.1 Lateral-Force-Resisting System (LFRS)
Lub Sijhawm Hlau Tshwj Xeeb -Resisting Ncej (SMF)nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev.
Nrog tsuas yog 3 kab kab, lub tsev 20 m × 20 m cia siab rau cov kab sib sib zog nqus thiab girder-rau- kab kem caij sib txuas. Lub 13.2 m ncua (A-B) xav tau sib sib zog nqus girders (W24-W27 ntau) rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntxiv rau lub sijhawm seismic.
Nyob rau hauv lub transverse kev taw qhia (A-C), tus ncej muaj ob qhov tsis sib xws: 13.2 m + 6.8 m. Cov tawv nqaij eccentricity yog nruab nrab; kev sib tsoo torsion ib NSCP §208.5.5.2 yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.
3.2 Pem Teb Framing
13.2 m ncua: Lub hauv paus sib xyaw girders @ ~ 2.5 m qhov sib nrug nrog cov kab teeb nruab nrab hla 5.9 m / 8.2 m.
6.8 m ncua: Cov kab teeb pom kev sib xyaw ua ke; steel seem ntawm W16-W18 ntau yam.
130 hli composite hlau lawj nrog pob zeb sau muab diaphragm nkaus (topped nrog ntxiv dag zog rau seismic diaphragm rog).
3.3 Foundation & Kem Bases
Mat lossis piled foundation raug rau Manila site (alluvial / lahar deposits).
Tsau-Cov kab ke hauv paus kev sib txuas txhim kho seismic drift kev ua tau zoo thiab txo qis kev xav tau ntawm lub lev.
4. Steel Tonnage kwv yees (Ntau npaum li cas coj-Tawm)
Txhua ntu steel yog ASTM A572 Gr. 50 (Fy= 345 MPa) los yog ASTM A992 (Fy= 345 MPa). Qhov hnyav raws li AISC 360-22 seem cov lus (Yuav hloov los ntawm cov qauv suav sib npaug uas yuav yog Q355B / Q235B thaum tsim khoom).
4.1 Kab
|
Tier |
Pem teb |
Kwv yees li. Tshooj |
Qhov hnyav (kg / m) |
Ntev / yam khoom (m) |
Qty |
Tag nrho wt (kg) |
|
T1 (zeeg) |
1F–2F |
W14×311 (W360×463) |
463 |
12.0 |
12 |
66,672 |
|
T2 |
3F–4F |
W14×211 (W360×314) |
314 |
7.9 |
12 |
29,773 |
|
T3 |
5F–7F |
W14×132 (W360×196) |
196 |
10.2 |
12 |
23,990 |
|
T4 (ru tsev) |
8F |
W14×90 (W360×134) |
134 |
2.8 |
12 |
4,502 |
|
Subtotal – Kab |
124,937 |
|||||
4.2 Cov Kab Ntsig Loj & Cov Kab Ntsig Ob
|
Span / Kev taw qhia |
Tshooj Cai |
Qhov hnyav (kg / m) |
Tag nrho qhov ntev (m) |
Qty |
Tag nrho wt (kg) |
|
A–B (13.2 m) |
W27×102 (W690×152) |
152 |
13.2 |
32 |
64,205 |
|
B–C (6.8 m) |
W21×62 (W530×92) |
92 |
6.8 |
32 |
19,986 |
|
Cov kab nruab nrab (5.9 m) |
W16×31 (W410×46) |
46 |
5.9 |
120 |
32,568 |
|
Cov kab nruab nrab (8.2 m) |
W18×40 (W460×60) |
60 |
8.2 |
60 |
29,520 |
|
Subtotal - Beams & Girders |
146,279 |
||||
4.3 Pem Teb System & Lwm Yam Hlau
|
Cheebtsam |
Thaj Chaw / Qty |
Chav ntsuas hnyav |
Tag nrho wt (kg) |
|
Composite hlau lawj (galvanized, 1.2mm puag) |
Luas 8 x 400 m²=3,200 m² |
12 kg/m² |
38,400 |
|
Shear studs (19 hli dia × 80mm) |
~ 6,400 daim |
0.26 kg / hnab |
1,664 |
|
Lateral bracing (ru tsev & pem teb diaphragm) |
L-section & kaum |
- |
12,500 |
|
Stairs, railings, ru tsev screen |
Lump sum |
- |
8,500 |
|
Kev sib txuas, lub hauv paus phaj, splice daim hlau |
~ 12% ntawm thav duab wt |
- |
36,800 |
|
Subtotal - Pem teb & Lwm yam. Hlau |
97,864 |
||
4.4 Tag nrho Steel Tonnage Summary
|
Qeb |
Qhov hnyav (kg) |
Tons (MT) |
|
Cov kab |
124,937 |
124.9 |
|
Beams & Girders |
146,279 |
146.3 |
|
Pem teb system & Lwm yam. hlau |
97,864 |
97.9 |
|
Total Structural Steel |
369,080 |
~370 |
|
+ Kev cuam tshuam (10%) rau kev tsim kho |
36,908 |
~37 |
|
Grand Total (pom zoo pob nyiaj hnyav) |
405,988 |
~480 |
Unit steel hnyav:~ 480 kg/m² ntawm tag nrho pem teb cheeb tsam (8 storeys × 400 m²=3,200 m²).
Kwv yees cov khoom siv (Philippines, fabricated steel):Thov nug CBC kom paub meej. Erection thiab fireproofing yog ntxiv.
5. Kev txiav txim siab tsim qauv tseem ceeb (Manila-Specific)
P-Delta & drift:Nrog rau qhov siab txog li 6.0 m thiab tag nrho qhov siab ntawm 36.9 m, qhov kev txiav txim thib ob yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev ruaj ntseg coefficient θ yuav tsum tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.10. Muab SMF muaj zog -kem / tsis muaj zog- beam proportioning.
Seismic irregularity:Qhov tsis sib xws bay layout (5.9 m / 8.2 m / 5.9 m) thiab ob qhov sib txawv spans tsim kev npaj irregularity (Hom 1a). Acidental torsion amplification (Ax) per NSCP § 208.5.5.2 xav tau.
Soft-story check:1F chaw nres tsheb (6.0 m) vs . 5F-7F thaj chaw (3.4 m). Kev nruj ntawm lub sij hawm thav duab yuav tsum tau muab faib ua kom tsis txhob ntsug irregularity Hom 1a (stiffness-soft story).
Kev sib txuas lus nthuav dav:Bolted extended end-phaj (BEEP) los yog welded unreinforced flange (WUF-W) kev sib txuas, prequalified ib AISC 358-22 rau SMF, yog yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv NSCP Seismic Design Qeb D.
Kev tiv thaiv corrosion:Tropical marine cua hauv Metro Manila. HDG (kub-dip galvanized) lossis inorganic zinc-nplua nuj primer + epoxy intermediate + aliphatic polyurethane topcoat kom tau raws li C4 ib puag ncig ISO 12944, ua tiav lub neej kev pab ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 30 xyoo.
6. Kev soj ntsuam kev siv tau – Lub teb chaws Pacific Rim
Cov qauv tsim tau raug ntsuas rau kev hloov pauv mus rau tsib lwm lub tebchaws Pacific Rim."Tswj siv tau" txhais tau hais tias Manila tsim tuaj yeem txais yuav nrog kev hloov me me; "Upgrade yuav tsum tau" txhais tau hais tias cov tswv cuab qhov ntau thiab tsawg los yog lateral system yuav tsum tau kho dua; "Major redesign" txhais tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem tshiab.
6.1 Tug
|
Parameter |
Manila (zeeg) |
Tonga (NBCKT/AS/NZS 1170) |
Kev soj ntsuam |
|
Cua ceev (3-s gust) |
250 kph (69 m / s) ceev |
180-200 kph (Qeb N3-N4) |
MS cua daj cua dub me ntsis, tab sis mus txog 250 kph hauv cov cheeb tsam cua daj cua dub. |
|
Seismic txaus ntshai |
Siab (Zone 4) |
Nruab nrab (Zone 2, agR ~0.20g) |
Lateral rog yog 40-50% ntawm Manila xav tau. |
|
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv |
Moment ncej nrog sib sib zog nqus girders |
Cov kev txwv drift tej zaum yuav tau so; cov seem tuaj yeem ua tau ** txo qis los ntawm 10-15%.** |
|
|
Zuag qhia tag nrho haum |
Zoo – muaj feem xyuam nrog nruab nrab kem / cua drift checks. |
||
6.2 New Caledonia (Fabkis)
|
Parameter |
Manila |
New Caledonia (EN 1998 / EN 1991) |
Kev soj ntsuam |
|
Seismic |
Siab |
Nruab nrab (Zone 3, agR ≈ 0.16g) |
Seismic puag shear ~ 30% ntawm Manila; Txawm li cas los xij EN 1998 ductility class DCM xav tau. |
|
Cua |
250kph ua |
36 m / s (10-min txhais tau tias), ~ 50 m / s gust (~ 180 kph) |
Cua siab yog qis dua; drift tsis tseem ceeb. |
|
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv |
Cov seem hlau tuaj yeem raug txo qis 15-25% ** yog tias European dov seem (HEA / HEM) raug hloov. |
||
|
Zuag qhia tag nrho haum |
Zoo – cov tswv cuab optimization ua tau. |
||
6.3 Papua New Guinea
|
Parameter |
Manila |
PNG (PNGS 1001-1982 / AS/NZS 1170) |
Kev soj ntsuam |
|
Seismic |
Siab |
Siab heev (Zone 1, PGA Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.40g) |
PNGS 1001 hazar maps piv rau Manila, tab sis cov cai tsis muaj cov kev cai ductility refined. |
|
Cua |
250kph ua |
45 m / s (10-min mean) ~ 160 kph siab |
Cua qis; seismic tswj. |
|
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv |
Txais yuav ntau dua R-factor? PNGS kev taw qhia txwv; ISO 3010 lossis ASCE 7-22 siv. Cov seem yuav ** zoo ib yam li Manila **, tab sis ** cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws seismic peer xyuas **. |
||
|
Zuag qhia tag nrho haum |
Raws li qhov tsim nyog - yuav tsum muaj ntawv pov thawj engineer hauv zos & kho PNGS ua raws li kev kuaj xyuas. |
||
6.4 Chile
|
Parameter |
Manila |
Chile (NCh 433 Of.96 Mod.2012) |
Kev soj ntsuam |
|
Seismic |
Siab |
Extreme (Zone 3, puag shear 1.4–18.2% W) |
Chilean seismic puag shear yuav yog ** 2 × rau 3 × ** ntawm NSCP nyob ntawm lub sijhawm. |
|
Cua |
250kph ua |
Nruab nrab (30-35 m / s gust) |
Tsis kav. |
|
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv |
NC 433 txoj cai txwv tsis pub muaj kev txwv nruj (0.002 hua sx). Qhov 3-kab kab layout ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj heev. ** Ib qhov system dual (SMF + EBF lossis pob zeb pob zeb) raug pom zoo.** |
||
|
Zuag qhia tag nrho haum |
Kev tsim kho tshiab tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau ua.Ntxiv braced bays los yog RC core; kab loj loj nce 30-50% tshaj Manila hauv paus. |
||
6.5 Peruvian kev lag luam
|
Parameter |
Manila |
Peru (E.030-2016) |
Kev soj ntsuam |
|
Seismic |
Siab |
Siab heev (Zone 4, ntug dej hiav txwv Lima Mw> 8.0 muaj peev xwm) |
Elastic puag shear ~ 0.12-0.15 W; R=7 rau SMF. |
|
Cua |
250kph ua |
Tsawg (~ 30m / s) |
Tsis tsim nyog. |
|
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv |
E.030 tswj kom muaj zog-kem / tsis muaj zog-beam thiab drift Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.007 hua sx. Lub SMF uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem ** ua haujlwm **, tab sis Peru Txoj Cai Kev Txhim Kho Hauv Lub Tebchaws yuav tsum muaj ** kev tsom xam tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb **. Cov kab ke yuav xav tau ** ntxiv 15-25%** hla Manila. |
||
|
Zuag qhia tag nrho haum |
Ua tau nrog seismic upgrade.SMF tso cai; Kev nruj thoob ntiaj teb yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas tawm tsam Peruvian drift txwv. |
||
7. Cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo dua qub
|
Tswv yim |
Muaj peev xwm txuag tau (MT) |
Lus hais |
|
1. Pem teb kho qhov system (post-tensioned qhob tiaj tiaj tiaj) |
80–100 |
Steel framing hloov los ntawm RC; steel hnyav txuag offset los ntawm kev nce nqi pob zeb. |
|
2. Composite kem (CFT – Concrete-Filled Tube) |
40–55 |
Txo cov cheeb tsam steel; txhim khu kev nruj thiab fireproofing. |
|
3. Optimized steel qib (Gr. 65 rau kab) |
20–30 |
Lub zog siab dua tso cai rau cov ntu me me; txheeb xyuas qhov muaj nyob hauv zos. |
|
4. Refined kev sib txuas tsim |
10–15 |
Siv cov yas tsim ntawm kev sib txuas los txo cov stiffener suav. |
|
5. Modular precast stairs & non-structural steel |
5–8 |
Hloov cov txheej txheem steel stairs nrog precast pob zeb los yog lub teeb yuag. |
|
Tag nrho qhov tseeb txo |
100–130 |
~ 20-27% ntawm lub hauv paus |
8. Cov lus xaus & cov lus pom zoo
Manila lub hauv paus tsim yog cov cai raws cai thiab muaj zog.3-kab kab tshwj xeeb Moment Ncej (SMF) system tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sib xyaw (250 kph gust) thiab seismic (SDS=0.85g, SD1=0.64g) xav tau nyob rau hauv Philippines, muab qhov muaj zog-kem / tsis muaj zog-beam proportioning thiab prequalified SMF kev sib txuas yog siv.
Tag nrho cov qauv steel hnyav ≈ 480 MT (405 MT puag + 10% contingency).
Kev hloov pauv hauv cheeb tsam:
Tonga & New Caledonia:Muaj feem xyuam nrog kev txo cov tswv cuab (tso seismic thov).
Papua New Guinea:Raws li qhov tsim nyog - yuav tsum txheeb xyuas nrog PNGS seismic annex tam sim no thiab cov lej hloov tshiab hauv zos.
Chile:Yuav tsum muaj ob lub kaw lus lossis cov ncej braced vim muaj kev sib tsoo hnyav heev (NCh 433). Kem steel tuaj yeem nce 30-50%.
Peru:Ua tau nrog 15–25% kev txhim kho kab ke thiab kev tsom xam qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm E.030.
Optimization muaj peev xwm:Los ntawm kev siv cov kab sib xyaw, cov qib steel zoo, lossis lwm cov txheej txheem hauv pem teb, steel qhov hnyav yuav raug txo mus rau ~ 350–380 MT, txuag ~ $ 42,000– $ 55,000 USD hauv cov khoom.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej:Ua 3D finite element tsom xam (SAP2000/ETABS) los xyuas kom meej lub sij hawm ntuj, drift thiab P-Delta stability; kho cov kab ke splices thiab kev sib txuas lus nthuav dav; thiab ua qhov chaw tshwj xeeb geotechnical tshawb nrhiav kom ua tiav kev tsim lub hauv paus.
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