Peru Steel Roof Truss Project Cov ntaub ntawv teev thiab cov qauv Load Analysis

Huachipa, Lima Steel Roof Truss Project - Cov Ntawv Teev Npe & Cov Qauv Load Analysis

 

 

Qhov project no yog nyob rau hauv Huachipa, Lima, Peru, tsom rau kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm steel ru tsev truss system (tsis suav cov kab hlau thiab phab ntsa). Lub ru tsev yog nruab nrog lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, thiab tus qauv tsim nruj me ntsis ua raws li Peruvian cov cai hauv zos. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov project tau sau tseg raws li hauv qab no:

Tag Nrho Lub Tsev Loj: 8,900 ㎡

Tag nrho Length: 109 m

Tag nrho qhov dav: 85 m (tsis xwm yeem teeb tsa nrog ntau qhov ntev)

Qhov ntau thiab tsawg (nrog 85m kev taw qhia, tsis sib npaug): 13m, 17m, 25m, 28m (siab tshaj plaws: 28m)

Truss Spacing (Bay Spacing): Kwv yees li 22m

Ru Tsev Configuration: Nruab nrog kwv yees li 4,400 ㎡ hnub ci vaj huam sib luag (photovoltaic system)

Structure Scope: Tsuas yog lub ru tsev truss system (trusses, bracing, khi rods, purlins), tsis suav nrog steel kem thiab phab ntsa thav ntawv

Cov Cai Siv Tau: Peruvian cov cai hauv zos

 

 

Kev tsom xam ntawm kev thauj khoom yog ua raws li qhov tseeb ib puag ncig ntawm Huachipa, Lima, thiab nruj me ntsis ua raws li Peruvian code E.030 (Seismic Code), E.050 ( Cua Load Code), thiab E.070 (Snow Load Code). Tag nrho cov loads raug xam raws li theem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev lag luam (qhov tseem ceeb U=1.0).

 

 

Huachipa, Lima yog nyob rau hauv Seismic Zone 4 ntawm Peru, uas yog qhov siab - siv zog seismic cheeb tsam. Qhov tshwj xeeb seismic parameter yog raws li nram no:

Cheeb Tsam Seismic: Zone 4, Z=0.45g (peak av acceleration)

Hom Av: S1 (cov av tawv), qhov chaw coefficient S=1.0

Seismic Impact: Lub ru tsev truss system yuav tsum txaus seismic stiffness los tiv thaiv kab rov tav seismic rog. Cov kev sib txuas truss thiab bracing system yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv kev ua seismic.

 

 

Lima yog lub nroog ntug dej hiav txwv, thiab cheeb tsam Huachipa cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cua daj cua dub. Cua load parameters yog txiav txim raws li nram no:

Cua txias: 0.55-0.65 kN / ㎡

Cua Effect: Lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag ntawm lub ru tsev ua rau muaj cua nqus thiab cua vibration nyhuv. Cov duab coefficient ntawm lub ru tsev yog tsim nyog rau tus account rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag ntawm cua load faib.

Cua Resistance Requirement: Lub ru tsev trusses, purlins, thiab bracing system yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus cua suction thiab zoo cua siab, kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj los yog ntau deformation.

 

 

Huachipa, Lima muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv uas tsis muaj daus daus thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo. Yog li ntawd, lub hauv paus daus load yog txiav txim raws li nram no:

Basic Snow Load S₀: ≈ 0 kN/㎡

Nco tseg: Tsis muaj kev thauj khoom daus ntxiv yog suav tias yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv tsim, tab sis lub ru tsev cov kua dej yog tsim los tiv thaiv cov dej tsub zuj zuj (sib npaug rau ib feem ntawm cov khoom hnyav).

 

 

Tag nrho lub ru tsev load yog cov sum ntawm cov tuag load, hnub ci vaj huam sib luag load, thiab nyob load, uas yog ho siab tshaj li cov kev cob qhia kev lag luam. Kev xam tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

Roof Tuag Load (tus kheej- hnyav ntawm lub ru tsev npog + purlins): ≈ 0.30 kN/㎡

Hnub Ci Vaj Huam Sib Luag Load (hnub ci vaj huam sib luag + kev txhawb nqa): ≈ 0.18-0.22 kN / ㎡

Maintenance Live Load: 0.50 kN / ㎡ (raws li Peruvian industrial tsev qauv)

Tag nrho lub ru tsev Load: ≈ 0.98–1.02 kN/㎡

Lus Cim: Lub deflection ntawm lub ru tsev trusses thiab purlins yuav tsum tau tswj nyob rau hauv L / 200 (L yog lub ncua ntawm trusses los yog purlins) kom ntseeg tau lub stability ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag system.

 

Kev xaiv cov khoom yog ua raws li Peruvian cov qauv steel hauv zos thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov project, tsom rau kev ua haujlwm ntev, seismic kev ua tau zoo, thiab tus nqi -effectiveness. Daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws yog raws li nram no:

 

 

Steel Qib: Suav Standard Q355B / Q235B (sib npaug rau A36 hauv ASTM tus qauv), nrog lub zog zoo thiab ductility, haum rau thaj chaw siab seismic.

Tshooj Hom:

Sab saum toj Chord & Hauv qab Chord: H-section steel - xaiv raws li kev ncua thiab thauj khoom, nrog ntu loj ntau yam: H300 × 150 × 6 × 8 txog H400 × 200 × 8 × 10 (kho raws li qhov sib txawv: 13m / 17m / 25m / 28m).

Cov tswv cuab hauv Web: Lub kaum sab xis steel lossis I- ntu steel - ntu qhov loj me: L75 × 5 txog L100 × 8 (rau 13m / 17m spans); L100 × 8 rau L125 × 10 (rau 25m / 28m spans).

Txoj kev sib txuas: Siab- lub zog bolts (10.9 qib) rau kev sib txuas, ua kom ntseeg tau qhov kev sib txuas ruaj khov thiab kev tiv thaiv seismic.

Kev kho mob: Nrog Epoxy zinc- nplua nuj xim primer hauv 80μm

 

 

Steel Qib: Suav Standard Q235B

Tshooj Hom: Round steel (φ16–φ22) los yog lub kaum sab xis steel (L63 × 5–L80 × 6), siv los tiv thaiv kab rov tav rog (seismic, cua) thiab tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub truss system.

Kev npaj: Bracing yog teem caij ntawm 2-3 trusses, nrog tus ntoo khaub lig-bracing thiab kab pheeb ces kaum sib txuas los ua ib qho kev ruaj khov rau sab nraud- tawm tsam.

Kev kho mob: Nrog Epoxy zinc- nplua nuj xim primer hauv 80μm

 

 

Steel Qib: Suav Standard Q235B

Tshooj Hom: Round steel (φ20–φ25) lossis steel yeeb nkab (φ89 × 4–φ114 × 4), siv los hloov cov kab rov tav nro ntawm trusses thiab xyuas kom tag nrho cov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub ru tsev.

Kev kho mob: Nrog Epoxy zinc- nplua nuj xim primer hauv 80μm

 

 

Steel Qib: Suav Standard Q235B

Seem Hom: C-section steel lossis Z-section steel (hom muaj zog, haum rau lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag load), ntu qhov loj me: C160 × 60 × 20 × 2.5 txog C220 × 70 × 20 × 3.0 (kho raws li purlin qhov sib nrug thiab hnub ci vaj huam sib luag load).

Qhov sib nrug: kwv yees li 1.5-2.0m, kom ntseeg tau tias cov purlins tuaj yeem lav qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub ru tsev npog thiab hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yam tsis muaj deformation ntau dhau.

Kev kho mob: Galvanization 275kg / m³

 

 

High-Lub zog Bolts: 10.9 qib, sib piv cov ntu loj ntawm trusses thiab bracing, nrog tiv thaiv- kho corrosion (kub-dip galvanizing).

Tus kheej -tapping Screws & Rivets: Corrosion-resistant stainless hlau (304 qib), siv rau kev sib txuas purlins thiab ru tsev npog, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.

Anti-Coating Corrosion Txheej: Kub-dip galvanizing (zinc txheej thickness Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 80μm) rau tag nrho cov khoom siv hlau, kom hloov mus rau qhov chaw ntub dej ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lima thiab ua kom muaj kev pab cuam lub neej.

 

Raws li qhov project parameters, load analysis, thiab cov khoom xaiv, steel noj ntawm lub ru tsev truss system (tsuas) yog kwv yees raws li nram no, txiav txim siab lub siab seismic yuav tsum ntawm Huachipa, Lima thiab lub load ntxiv ntawm lub hnub ci panels.

 

 

Ua ke nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm 28m siab tshaj plaws ncua sijhawm, 22m truss spacing, hnub ci vaj huam sib luag hnyav load, thiab siab seismic siv hauv Lima, steel noj Performance index ntawm lub ru tsev truss system yog txiav txim raws li nram no:

Russes + Bracing + Tie Rods: 18-22 kg/㎡

Roof Purlins (hom muaj zog): 8-11 kg/㎡

Tag nrho Steel Consumption Index: 26–33 kg/㎡ (tau txais kev saib xyuas nruab nrab- tus nqi siab ntawm 30 kg/㎡ rau kev kwv yees, raws li Peruvian code yuav tsum)

 

 

Total Steel Consumption=Total Building Area × Steel Consumption Index ÷ 1000

Kev suav: 8,900 ㎡ × 30 kg /㎡ ÷ 1000=267 tons

 

 

Economical Optimized Design (lub teeb load, refined optimization): ≈ 230 tons

Conservative Design (ua raws li Peruvian codes thiab Lima seismic yuav tsum): ≈ 265-270 tons

High Load / High Seismic / Strict Loj -span Tsim: ≈ 290 tons

 

 

Kev siv cov hlau saum toj no tsuas yog suav nrog lub ru tsev truss system (trusses, bracing, khi rods, purlins), tsis suav nrog steel kem, phab ntsa thav duab, thiab kev txhawb nqa hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.

Yog tias cov kab hlau txuas ntxiv, tag nrho cov steel noj yuav nce 10-13 kg / ㎡, thiab tag nrho cov steel noj yuav yog kwv yees li 340-400 tons.

Kev siv cov hlau tiag tiag tuaj yeem muaj qhov hloov pauv ± 10% tom qab tsim cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov kev sib txuas.

Seismic Design: Lub ru tsev truss system yuav tsum tau tsim raws li Peruvian Code E.030 (Seismic Zone 4), thiab kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws tsis raug tso cai kom muaj kev nyab xeeb seismic.

Hnub Ci Vaj Huam Sib Luag Load: Lub purlins thiab sab saum toj chords ntawm trusses nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau muaj zog, thiab deflection tswj yuav tsum nruj me ntsis (hauv L / 200) kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag system.

Kev Tiv Thaiv - Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv: Txhua yam steel hlau zoo dua kom kub -dip galvanized kom hloov mus rau thaj tsam ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lima thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov qauv.

Kev Ua Raws Cai: Txhua qhov kev tsim thiab tsim ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua raws li Peruvian cov cai hauv zos RNE / E.030, E.050, E.070, thiab cov qauv kev lag luam cuam tshuam.

 

 

Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws steel noj yog muab faib raws li plaub qhov tsis sib xws (13m, 17m, 25m, 28m), ua ke nrog truss qhov sib nrug ntawm 22m thiab lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, thiab cov khoom siv hlau tau hloov kho raws li qhov loj (qhov loj dua, qhov ntsuas siab dua). Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

Qhov Loj	Qhov ntev (m)	Cov cheeb tsam sib thooj (kwv yees, ㎡)	Steel Consumption Index (kg/㎡)	Kwv yees siv hlau (tons)	Lus hais
1st Span	13	2400	25	60	Tsawg tshaj plaws, qhov hnyav tshaj plaws; ib feem ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag
2nd Span	17	2450	28	68.6	Nruab nrab ncua, nruab nrab load; ib feem ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag
3rd Span	25	2250	32	72	Loj span, hnyav load; lub ntsiab solar vaj huam sib luag cheeb tsam
4th Span	28	1800	35	63	Tshaj siab tshaj plaws, hnyav tshaj plaws; lub ntsiab solar vaj huam sib luag cheeb tsam
Tag nrho	83 (tag nrho cov spans)	8900 (tag nrho lub tsev cheeb tsam)	30 (nqi nruab nrab)	263.6	Kev sib txawv me ntsis los ntawm kev kwv yees tag nrho (± 2%) vim qhov sib npaug

Nco tseg: Qhov sib thooj ntawm txhua qhov kev ncua yog kwv yees raws li thaj tsam ntawm 8900 ㎡ thiab qhov feem ntawm txhua qhov dav hauv tag nrho qhov dav (85m), uas yog rau kev siv nkaus xwb. Qhov chaw tiag tiag thiab kev siv steel yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws.

 

Main Primary Roof Beams (H-Sections)

- W 200 × 750 × 12 × 6 mm

- W 250 × 750 × 25 × 6 mm

- W350 × 750 × 25 × 9 mm

- W200 × 400 × 16 × 6 mm

 

Cov tswv cuab thib ob

- Purlins: Z305 × 76 × 19 × 3.0 hli

- Kab rov tav / Lateral Bracing: 2" × 2 "× 3/16" steel kaum

 

 

2.1 Main Ru Tsev Qauv

- Truss system:

18-22 kg/m² → 160.2 - 195.8 tons**

- H-beam system (qhov tob, 22m nrug, PV load):

24–30 kg/m² → 213.6 – 267.0 tons**

 

2.2 Bracing System

- Truss:

2.5–4.0 kg/m² → 22.3–35.6 tons**

- H-beam:

3.5–5.0 kg/m² → ** 31.2 – 44.5 tons**

* Yog vim li cas: H-beams tsis tshua muaj ntuj torsional rigidity; xav tau kev pab ntxiv.*

 

2.3 Cov

- Ob qhov system:

Z305 purlins, tib qhov chaw thau khoom thiab sib nrug

8-11 kg/m² → 71.2-97.9 tons**

* Ze li zoo tib yam rau ob lub russ thiab H-beam ru tsev.*

 

2.4 Tag Nrho Cov Hlau Qhov hnyav sib piv

- Truss roof tag nrho:

254-329 tons

-H-beam ru tsev tag nrho:

316-409 tons

 

 

3.1 Twj System

- Tus cwj pwm: Triangulated axial rog (nruj / compression nkaus xwb).

- Kev nruj: siab geometric nruj, zoo rau ntev spans thiab deflection tswj (tseem ceeb rau PV).

- Kev ruaj ntseg: Tsawg nyob ntawm kev sib tsoo; inherent stability ntawm daim duab peb sab qauv.

- Seismic kev ua tau zoo: zoo zog dissipation, lub teeb yuag, qis inertia.

- Span efficiency: Ua tau zoo heev rau **25-28m spans**.

 

3.2 H-Beam System

- Tus cwj pwm: Khoov + shear + axial quab yuam.

- Kev Nyuaj Siab: Tsawg flexural efficiency ib kg; sib sib zog nqus / hnyav seem xav tau kom phim truss deflection.

- Kev ruaj ntseg: Yooj yim rau lateral-torsional buckling; yuav tsum muaj kev sib khi ntau zaus.

- Seismic kev ua tau zoo: Ntau dua tus kheej qhov hnyav nce seismic thov.

- Constructability: yooj yim fabrication thiab erection, tab sis hnyav zog.

 

 

 

Zoo sib xws

- Ob leeg txhawb tib lub ru tsev loads (tuag + PV + nyob + cua).

- Purlin loj, qhov sib nrug, thiab qhov hnyav yog tib yam.

- Ob leeg yuav tsum ua raws li Peruvian deflection txwv (L/200 rau PV).

- Ob leeg ua raws E.030, E.050, E.070 rau Huachipa, Lima.

 

Qhov txawv

1. Lub zog mechanism:

- Truss: Axial rog nkaus xwb → ua haujlwm tau zoo.

- H-beam: Khoov tswj → khoom siv tsawg dua.

2. steel noj:

- Cov qauv tseem ceeb: H-beam siv +25% rau +40% steel.

- Bracing: H-beam xav tau +30% rau +40% bracing ntxiv.

- Purlins: Yuav luag tib yam.

3. Span kev ua haujlwm:

- Truss: Superior rau 25–28m spans.

- H-beam: Yuav tsum muaj qhov hnyav los tswj kev deflection.

4. Seismic cwj pwm:

- Truss: Sib dua, qis qis inertia, kev ua tau zoo dua hauv Zone 4.

- H-beam: hnyav dua, siab dua seismic load.

5. Nqi & kev tsim kho:

- Truss: Ntau zog, khoom tsawg dua.

- H-beam: Tsawg zog, khoom siv ntau dua.

 

 

- Truss system:

Kev siv tau zoo dua, sib dua steel siv, zoo dua rau qhov ntev ntev thiab thaj chaw siab seismic.

Tag nrho cov hlau: 254 - 329 tons.

 

-H-beam system:

Kev tsim kho yooj yim dua tab sis hnyav dua.

Tag nrho cov hlau: 316 - 409 tons.